Kingdom Animalia

The phyla of kingdom animalia are determined by evolutionary traits of an animal, and are grouped below the kingdom level. The largest phyla in kingdom animalia are phylums: Mollusca, Porifera, Cindaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata, our own phylum.

PHYLUM NEMATODA:
Phylum nematoda consists of only roundworms, some that are parasitic. Roundworms and their parasitic freinds are psuedococelomates, which means they have a psuedocelum, a space between the internal digestive organs and the outer dermis of the worm. They have a complete, one-way digestive tract.

Major Classes:
Hookworms: Burrow into your skin, travel through your bloodstream to your lungs, then are coughed back up and swallowed into your digestive system.
Pinworms: Live in your lower intestine and lay their eggs in your rectum.
Trichinella: Flu like worm.

PHYLUM CINDARIA:
Consists of jellyfish, sea annennanennamies, and corals. They are all carnivores and use their tenticles to snatch their prey.

Major Classes:
Hydrozoa (hydras)
Scyphozoa (Jelly fish)
Antozoa (sea annenanenamies)

PHYLUM PORIFERA:
Is a phylum of only sponges, 5000 total. They have no tissues and are believed to have evolved into the first multicellular organsims. Sponges absorb food by filtering the surrounding water it and extracting any form of microscopic food they can get.

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA:
The over 150,000 species in kingdom mollusca have a complete deigestive system and get their food by digestion. The outer shell, made of calcuim carbonate, houses the mantle, which helps with respiration and sensory of the outside environment. Muscular feet under their shell help them with locomotion. Their body is bilateral, and they are also pseudocoelomates. They have a complete digestive system with a small mouth, usually used for scraping the ocean floor for food.

Major Classes:
Class Bivalvia (oysters, clams, muscles)
Calss Gastropoda (snails and slugs)

PHYLUM ANNELIDA:
-Over 15,000 species of segmented worms.
-Bilateral semetry
-Internal nervous and digestive systems.
-eucelomate

Major Classes:
Polychaeta (Bristleworms)
Hirudinea (Leaches)
Oligochaeta (Earthworms)

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA:
-Most closly related to phylum chordata (us humans')
-over 6,000 species of mostly marine animals
-endoskeleton
-radial semetry

Major Classes:
Brittle Stars (detachable arms as means of defense)
Sand Dollars
Sea Lillies
Sea Cucumbers (bilateral)
Sea Urchins
Sea Stars

PHYLUM CHORDATA:
-This is our phylum
-characterized by vertebrates ( spine, dorsal hollow nerve cord)
Subphylums:
-Urochordata
-Cephalochordata
-notochords

Major Subphylums:
Cephalochordata (Have heads, small organs that filter feed)
Urochordata (Marine squids, 2 stages of development; polyp and adult)
Vetrebrata:
-Notochord in the form of backbone
-complex nerve and excretion system
-closed circulatory system with two chamber heart
-breath through gills
-coelomate
-bilateral
Major Classes:
Class Agnatha (Jawless fish, cartalige, soft skin, no paired fins, gill slits, ectothermic)
Class Amphibia (Tetropods, thin, moist skin, use external fertalization, ecothermic, 3 chambered heart, have a brain, eyes, tympanum)
Class Osteichthyes (Bony fish, lobe and ray fined, modified lungs, swim bladder)
Class Chondrichthyes ( Cartalige skeleton, jawed, paired fins, no swim bladder, ecothermic, internal fertilization to reproduce)
Class Reptilia (Live on land, have dry thick skin, internal skeleton, internal fertilization, well developed kidneys that excrete uric acid to conserve water, some with 4 chambered heart, ecothermic, breath through lungs only)
Class Aves (Feathers made of karitin for insulation, bones are honeycombed, four chambered heart, excrete uric acid, exceptional vision, enlarged sternum.
Class Mammalia (Hair made of keratin and protein, mammory glands, have teeth, have well developed diaphram, breath through lungs only, well developed hormonal system)